Peptide Research Database

Research-backed information on peptides — dosage, half-life, risks, and the latest peer-reviewed studies from PubMed.

91peptides
11categories
1214research papers
/

KPV

ImmuneHealingBeauty

A tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) derived from the C-terminal end of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Retains the potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of full α-MSH without causing skin tanning or sexual side effects. One of the cleanest anti-inflammatory peptides available, effective via oral, injectable, and topical routes.

Half-life:0.5-1 hours

LL-37

ImmuneHealing

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide — a 37-amino-acid component of the innate immune system with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Beyond antimicrobial defense, LL-37 promotes wound healing, modulates the inflammatory response, and stimulates angiogenesis at injury sites. Naturally produced by immune cells, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes in response to infection or tissue damage.

Half-life:4-6 hours (varies by tissue environment)

RG3

ImmuneAnti-Aging

Ginsenoside Rg3 — a bioactive triterpenoid saponin compound derived from Panax ginseng. While not a peptide, it is frequently offered alongside peptide therapies in regenerative medicine clinics for its immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. One of the most pharmacologically active ginsenosides, with research demonstrating effects on angiogenesis inhibition, immune cell activation, and cancer cell apoptosis.

Half-life:18-36 hours (oral bioavailability is low, approximately 2-5%)

Selank

CognitiveImmune

A synthetic heptapeptide based on the endogenous immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension for enzymatic stability. Developed at the Russian Academy of Sciences as both an anxiolytic and a nootropic. Uniquely combines benzodiazepine-like anti-anxiety effects (without sedation or addiction) with cognitive enhancement through BDNF upregulation and immune modulation through its tuftsin core.

Half-life:2-3 minutes (rapidly metabolized, but CNS effects persist for hours)

Thymalin

ImmuneAnti-Aging

A thymic peptide extract originally developed in Russia by Dr. Vladimir Khavinson, containing a complex mixture of small peptides derived from young animal thymus glands. Modulates immune function by supporting thymic activity, T-cell maturation, and immune surveillance. One of the most established peptide preparations in Russian medicine, with decades of clinical use data, though Western clinical evidence remains limited.

Half-life:Variable (complex peptide mixture; estimated several hours)

Thymosin Alpha-1

Immune

A 28-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by the thymus gland, serving as a critical regulator of T-cell and dendritic cell function. One of the best-established immune-modulating peptides globally, with regulatory approval in over 35 countries (marketed as Zadaxin) for hepatitis B and C treatment and as a cancer immunotherapy adjuvant. The most clinically validated peptide immunomodulator, with decades of use in Asia and Europe.

Half-life:2 hours

Thymosin Beta-4

HealingAnti-AgingImmune

The full-length 43-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by the thymus gland — the parent molecule from which TB-500 is derived. Thymosin Beta-4 is the most abundant actin-sequestering protein in mammalian cells, playing a fundamental role in cell migration, tissue repair, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory responses throughout the body. The full-length form may offer broader biological activity than the TB-500 fragment alone.

Half-life:1-2 hours

Thymulin

ImmuneAnti-Aging

A nonapeptide (9 amino acids) naturally secreted by thymic epithelial cells that requires zinc binding for full biological activity. Distinct from Thymalin (which is a thymic extract mixture). Plays a central role in T-cell maturation, immune system regulation, and maintenance of the zinc-thymulin axis that declines with aging. Thymulin levels decrease as the thymus involutes with age, contributing to immune senescence.

Half-life:1-2 hours

Vilon

ImmuneAnti-Aging

A synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) bioregulator developed as a thymus-targeting immune peptide. Studied for immune system modulation, thymic rejuvenation, and anti-aging effects. Part of the Khavinson peptide bioregulator family alongside Thymalin, Epithalon, and Cortexin. Designed to support T-cell maturation and restore age-related immune decline through peptide-mediated gene regulation in thymic tissue.

Half-life:0.5-1 hours

VIP

ImmuneHealing

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide — a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide found throughout the body, particularly in the nervous system, gut, and lungs. Functions as a potent vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, and immunomodulator. Most widely studied in the context of CIRS (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and pulmonary hypertension, where it modulates excessive inflammatory signaling.

Half-life:1-2 minutes (rapidly degraded by peptidases)

Recent Research