Peptide Research Database
Research-backed information on peptides — dosage, half-life, risks, and the latest peer-reviewed studies from PubMed.
Alprostadil
Synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and one of the first FDA-approved treatments for erectile dysfunction. Works locally by directly relaxing smooth muscle in penile blood vessels to produce erection, independent of sexual arousal or desire. Also FDA-approved to maintain patent ductus arteriosus in neonates with congenital heart defects. Available as intracavernosal injection (Caverject) and urethral suppository (MUSE).
Enclomiphene
The trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate — a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that stimulates endogenous testosterone production by blocking estrogen negative feedback at the hypothalamus and pituitary. Used in men's health clinics as an alternative to testosterone replacement therapy that preserves fertility and testicular function. Unlike mixed clomiphene (Clomid), enclomiphene lacks the estrogenic cis-isomer (zuclomiphene) that causes many of clomiphene's side effects.
Gonadorelin
Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) identical to the 10-amino-acid endogenous hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Stimulates pulsatile FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary when administered in a pulsatile pattern. Used for fertility treatment, hypogonadism diagnosis, and maintaining testicular function and fertility during testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).
HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin — a glycoprotein hormone naturally produced by the placenta during pregnancy that closely mimics luteinizing hormone (LH). FDA-approved for hypogonadism and fertility treatment. Widely used in TRT protocols to maintain testicular function, fertility, and intratesticular testosterone levels, and in post-cycle therapy (PCT) after anabolic steroid use.
HMG
Human Menopausal Gonadotropin — a urinary-derived gonadotropin preparation containing both FSH and LH activity extracted from postmenopausal women's urine. FDA-approved for fertility treatment in both women (ovulation induction) and men (spermatogenesis stimulation). Also used off-label in bodybuilding for post-cycle therapy to restore endogenous hormone production.
KissPeptin-10
The 10-amino-acid active fragment of kisspeptin, the master upstream regulator of the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Directly stimulates GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus, initiating the cascade that drives FSH and LH release. Investigated as a potential physiological alternative to GnRH or HCG for stimulating reproductive hormone production with potentially less receptor desensitization.
Kisspeptin-54
The full-length 54-amino-acid form of kisspeptin — the master upstream regulator of the reproductive hormone axis. More potent and longer-acting than Kisspeptin-10 due to additional receptor-binding domains in the longer sequence. Being studied for fertility treatment, hypogonadism diagnosis, and reproductive disorders. May offer a more physiological approach to stimulating reproductive hormone production than GnRH or HCG.
Melanotan II
A synthetic cyclic analogue of alpha-MSH and a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist. Produces skin tanning (MC1R), sexual arousal (MC3R/MC4R), and appetite suppression (MC4R) simultaneously due to its broad receptor activation profile. One of the most widely used unregulated peptides globally, primarily for cosmetic tanning and sexual enhancement, despite significant safety concerns.
Oxytocin
A 9-amino-acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, known as the 'love hormone' for its central role in social bonding, trust, empathy, and pair bonding. Also essential for labor (stimulates uterine contractions) and breastfeeding (triggers milk letdown). FDA-approved as Pitocin for labor induction, with growing use of intranasal formulations for social-behavioral and mental health applications.
PT-141
Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) — a cyclic heptapeptide derived from Melanotan II, engineered to selectively activate MC4R in the brain for sexual arousal. FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Uniquely acts on central nervous system desire pathways rather than peripheral vascular mechanisms like PDE5 inhibitors, making it the first drug to treat the desire component of sexual dysfunction.
Recent Research
A novel exopolysaccharide from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum H6 improves cholesterol metabolism via Muribaculum-mediated activation of the enterohepatic FXR-FGF15 axis.
Reactive Carbonyl Species Mediate Isothiocyanate Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana Guard Cells.
Amylin and the renin-angiotensin system: risk or opportunity in amylin-based therapy?
Amylin and the renin-angiotensin system: risk or opportunity in amylin-based therapy?
Increased levels of systemic iron content in adult-onset interleukin-6 knockout mice.